Despite advances, more studies are needed to translate such approaches from the bench to clinics in urology. Finally, an innovative technique allowing tissue reconstruction without exogenous material, the self-assembly approach, will be presented. Indeed, the accessibility, high yield at harvest as well as anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory and proan giogenic properties make adipose-derived stromal/SCs promising alternatives to the therapies currently offered to patients. The recent advances using these approaches are described in this review, with a focus on stromal/mesenchymal cells found in adipose tissue. Two different strategies can be derived from stem cell use: Cell therapy and tissue therapy, mainly through tissue engineering. Therefore, new options must be considered for the treatment of patients, with the use of stem cells (SCs) being attractive. Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissues. The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions.
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